There are different types of stem cells depending on the characteristics they present. Firstly, the unipotent cells, which are those that produce only one type of cell. They are constantly renewed, and a fragment of them can be extracted for later implantation.

The multipotent cells, also known as mesenchymal cells, are located in the bone marrow and are the most appropriate for tissue transplantation or tissue repair, since they do not usually generate rejection. These multipotent stem cells can repair tissues, bone marrow fat or cartilage.

On the other hand, they differentiate pluripotent stem cells, which are those that arise from genetically reprogrammed cells. Finally, the oligopotent stem cells, which are the least common and the totipotent cells, which are formed at the moment of the union of the egg and the sperm.

How are stem cells obtained?

Stem cells come from different parts of the human body. The vast majority come from the bone marrow, which is the largest producer of stem cells in the human body. However, there are other sources of stem cells, for example, blood located in the umbilical cord.

Another main source of stem cells is the peripheral blood that flows through the human body. These cells are used in transplants and are obtained through a process known as apheresis, in which the different cell types are separated.

Regenerative medicine treatments with stem cells are an innovative therapy that are on the order of the day due to their great capacity to regenerate damaged tissues.

In this type of therapies, mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow are used, since they have the ability to suppress inflammation and modulate the secretion responses of pro-inflammatory substances. The cells used are multipotent stem cells, from which other cells are generated.

Typically, its application focuses on the repair, replacement or regeneration of cells, tissues or organs to recover any damaged function, whether due to congenital defects, trauma or aging.

The characteristics of this type of stem cell treatment make it a promising therapy, due to its regenerative, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory capabilities.

Given its ability to increase cartilage density, it is a good alternative for young and older people.

Treatment with stem cells is especially recommended in cases where tissue regeneration or healing is required. Some of the pathologies treatable with stem cell therapy are:

Cartilage and meniscus injuries

The most common sports injuries are meniscus tears. Stem cell therapy is very helpful for cartilage regeneration.

Bone injuries and fractures

One of the most common diseases for which stem cell treatment is often used is osteoporosis. This disease consists of a degeneration of bone tissue, resulting in brittle bones.

Osteoarthritis

It is a form of arthritis and is a disease of the joints and
This results in deterioration of the cartilage in the affected joint. This stem cell treatment is very common for knee or shoulder cartilage.

Ligament and tendon injuries

Another of the most common sports injuries seen in trauma clinics is ligament and tendon tears, specifically the anterior cruciate ligament. This therapy promotes tissue regeneration.

Avascular bone necrosis

This pathology consists of the death of the patient's bone tissue as a result of a lack of blood flow. This disease is also known as osteonecrosis.

You will ask yourself What are stem cell therapies for?.
Stem cell treatments have many benefits. Firstly, as explained, they have the ability to regenerate tissues and repair injuries to bones, tendons and cartilage.

Furthermore, due to its ability to secrete pro-inflammatory substances, stem cells help reduce inflammation, relieving the patient's pain.

In cases where patients have chronic diseases that cause weakness, this treatment can be of great help, as stem cells help to regenerate tissues and organs that are not capable of regenerating on their own.