Symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment of avascular necrosis

Our body sends signals that may indicate that something is not working correctly. These signs can manifest themselves in different ways, from persistent pain to changes in our physical state. Given these signs, it is crucial to seek medical attention to ensure the care of our health and well-being in the long term.

What is osteonecrosis or avascular necrosis?

Osteonecrosis, also known as avascular necrosis, is a disease that affects the bones due to loss of blood supply. This condition can lead to the death of bone tissue due to lack of oxygen and nutrients caused by reduced blood flow.

Avascular necrosis can affect people of different ages, but commonly occurs in middle-aged and older adults. It can also occur in children, especially those receiving treatment for chronic diseases.

Are you looking for a clear diagnosis for your back, neck, or joint pain?

We perform expert assessment and advanced testing using minimally invasive techniques.

Request diagnosis

Types of avascular necrosis

Avascular necrosis can be classified into two main types:

• Traumatic avascular necrosis– This type of osteonecrosis occurs as a result of a previous injury. The most common causes include fractures or dislocations of the bone, which interrupt blood flow and can lead to the development of this condition.
• Non-traumatic avascular necrosis: This form of osteonecrosis is related to underlying medical conditions, the use of certain medications, or unknown factors.

Both types of avascular necrosis can affect different parts of the body, including the knee, shoulder, femoral head, and jaw.

Osteonecrosis or knee infarction

Knee infarction is a condition that affects a large number of patients and occurs when the normal flow of blood to a bone is interrupted, resulting in bone cell death and weakening of the bone. This weakness can trigger fractures, bone collapses, and the development of arthritis.

There are two different types of knee osteonecrosis. On the one hand, there is the spontaneous osteonecrosis, which usually affects only one knee and is commonly linked to injuries to the knee joint, being more common in women over 50 years of age. On the other hand, there is the secondary osteonecrosis, which generally affects both knees and is related to risk factors such as the use of corticosteroids, excessive alcohol consumption and blood clotting disorders.

This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including knee fractures or dislocations that damage blood vessels, prolonged use of corticosteroids, excessive alcohol consumption, and vascular and collagen diseases.

Causes of avascular necrosis

Avascular necrosis can be triggered by a variety of factors, including:

• Traumatic injuries– Bone fractures or dislocations can be a common cause of this condition by disrupting blood flow to the bone.
• Steroids: Long-term use of corticosteroids may increase the chance of developing this injury.
• Alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption can cause changes in blood circulation that predispose to the development of osteonecrosis.
• Collagen diseases: Some diseases can cause disorders in the immune system, affecting circulation to the bones.
• Vascular diseases: Conditions that clog blood vessels can contribute to the development of avascular necrosis.

Symptoms of osteonecrosis

The symptoms of osteonecrosis can vary in intensity depending on the stage of the disease, its location and the severity of the case, but may include pain in the affected joint, stiffness, swelling, and limitations in movement.

In the case of osteonecrosis or knee infarction, symptoms may include pain in the front, side or back of the knee, stiffness in the joint, difficulty bearing weight on the affected knee, and in severe cases, difficulty walking .

How is avascular necrosis detected?

To obtain an accurate diagnosis of avascular necrosis, it is essential to go to specialized trauma centers that can accurately identify this condition. To achieve this, doctors will perform a clinical evaluation and order imaging tests, such as x-rays, MRIs, or CT scans, to evaluate the affected bone and confirm the diagnosis. These tests will determine the extent and severity of the condition, thus achieving adequate and precise treatment.

Treatment for osteonecrosis

Treatment of avascular necrosis will depend on several factors, including the location and degree of the necrosis, as well as the patient's general health. Treatment options can range from conservative methods to surgical interventions.. The choice of the appropriate treatment will depend on the individual evaluation of each case by a specialized professional.

How is a knee infarction treated?

Treatment for knee infarction may vary depending on the stage of the disease and the severity of the symptoms. Some treatment options may include medications to relieve pain and reduce inflammation, physical therapy to strengthen the knee, and, in severe cases, surgery.

Knee avascular necrosis surgery

In advanced cases of avascular knee necrosis, surgery may be necessary to prevent bone collapse and restore joint function. Some surgical options include procedures such as knee arthroplasty, osteotomy and bone grafts. It is crucial for a trauma doctor to determine the correct approach for the patient based on the severity and extent of the disease.

Traumatology Clinic for treatment of avascular necrosis in Madrid

When facing osteonecrosis, it is crucial to have a specialized medical team that can provide effective and personalized treatment. In Elgeadi Clinic, we stand out as a center of excellence in traumatology, committed to providing comprehensive and quality care to all our patients. From the initial diagnosis to treatment planning and follow-up, at Clínica Elgeadi, we will offer you comprehensive care at every stage of the recovery process.

Do not doubt ask for a date so we can start working on your recovery. We guarantee that you will receive the best possible treatment so that you can recover your quality of life.